Other regulations mandated that every ship have distilling apparatus with a capacity to produce at least 500 litres of drinking water from seawater daily, and also required ships to have a sickbay, male and female nursing staff, adequate food and medicine, and artificial ventilation in the passengers' quarters. Eventually, the government stepped in to regulate the fees and set up guidelines for events such as the death of a worker, the cost of non-productive family members brought with the worker (i.e. In particular, the Pentecostal church and the Moravians are the largest Protestant denominations active in Suriname. Indians began migrating to Suriname in 1873 from what was then British India as indentured labourers, mostly from the modern-day Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar and Tamil Nadu. Hinduism is the second largest religion in Suriname (120,623 practitioners of an estimated national population of 541,638 (Suriname Census 2012)).Surinamese Hinduism is deeply marked by the country’s unique demographic and geographic history. The difference is that the Netherlands' more liberal policy toward Hinduism allowed the culture to develop stronger. Their ancestors were Indian indentured workers brought by the Dutch and the British to the (then) Dutch colony Suriname during the 19th and 20th century. While the mortality rate among slaves working on plantations between 1680 and 1807 averaged 50.9 per thousand people, following the passage of the regulations post-1873, it dropped to 7.1 per thousand among Indian workers.[9]. A large proporti… In neighboring Guyana, where 238,000 Hindus form 34% of the population, it is the opposite. Population: about 609,000 people live in Suriname (2020); Capital: Paramaribo with 239,000 inhabitants; Name: Republic of Suriname; Government: Presidential Republic; Official Language: Dutch; Literacy: More than 96% of the people can read and write. Out of this, the Surinamese Indians (Sarnami Hindustanis as they call themselves) are about 200,000 in number. ; Religion: mainly Christian (48%) Hindu … A short summary … [10] Following the independence of Suriname on 25 November 1975, a significant portion of the Indo-Surinamese population migrated to the Netherlands, thereby retaining their Dutch passport. [11] Among the Indo-Surinamese Muslims, 75% follow Sunni Islam while 25% identify as Ahmadiyya, of either the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam or the Ahmadiyya community. Suriname is a small country on the Atlantic side of South America, just above Brazil. This low figure is a clear reflection of the law-abiding nature of the Hindu community. Area 163,265 sq km ... English, Sranang Tongo, Hindi, Javanese . About one-third returned to India when their five-year indenture was completed. Newly freed slaves in Suriname who witnessed Indian workers disembarking at the harbour, reportedly stated, "Jobo tanbasi", meaning "The white man is still the boss", suggesting that they viewed the development as a continuation of the slave trade. This paper. Among the Hindus about 63% follow orthodox, traditional Hinduism that they call Sanātanī to differentiate themselves from the 15% who belong to the reform movement Arya Samaj, started by Dayananda Saraswati. That this is so after so many years away from India-is amazing. The British Viceroy of India described it as "a new system of slavery". After the abolition of slavery in the Dutch colony of Suriname, the Dutch government signed a treaty with the United Kingdom on the recruitment of contract workers. It happens very rarely that immigrants out number the original inhabitants of a country. The country achieved independence from Holland in 1975. All rights reserved. [3] Hence, when Indians migrated to Suriname they were referred to as Hindustanis, people of Indian origin. Over the next 80 years, beginning in about 1838, thousands of Asian Indians from all parts of the Indian subcontinent crossed the kalapani, the Black Waters, as indentured laborers. a treaty with the United Kingdom on the recruitment of contract workers, Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam, "Waarom Hindostaan en niet Hindoestaan? Download PDF. Despite having a relatively large number of Hindus, Bangladesh has seen a steady decrease in the Hindu population since 1940, where the percentage of the total population was 28%. The government began looking for new sources of labor and ended up importing vast numbers of Hindus from India as contract laborers to provide the working class that the country needed. Both these communities succeeded in keeping their culture and language alive. They were also known as girmityas, a term referring to the Agreements that the labourers had to sign regarding the work and the period of stay, and meaning "Someone with an Agreement."[6][7]. When slavery was abolished in Guyana in the early 19th century, the freed African slaves abandoned the sugar plantations and became peasants or town dwellers. Indo-Surinamese made up 37.6% of the population in the 1972 Census. Suriname has the second largest percentage of Hindus in the Western Hemisphere, after Guyana (24.8%).. History Hinduism, Islam, Christianity ... Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. With this provision, the Dutch government had hoped to give itself time to start the replacement of labor before the slaves were officially free to withhold their labor. Secondly, the Hindu population in Trinidad factors according to the three dimensions of became relatively smaller (from 25 to 23%), while institutional development: sustainability, in Suriname this group grew larger (from 16 to participation and concerted diversity. ... Population 534,000 . These "British Indians" had a reputation for being good farmers and hard workers. The Hindu community in France consists of some long-time residents and many recent immigrants. 90% of the population live in Paramaribo or the coast. The country, originally called Dutch Guiana, is located on the northeast coast of South America. Publisher's Desk Article In Other Languages. Initially, the transport and living conditions of Indian labourers in Suriname was worse than it had been prior to the abolition of the Dutch slave trade. However, among the immigrants there were also labourers from other parts of South Asia, such as Afghanistan, Nepal . According to the 2012 census of Suriname, Hindus constitute 22.3% of the population. Those choosing to remain were given land, a bonus from the government, and special loans to help them get started as farmers in their own right. First, Suriname was by no means the first colony to free slaves. Hindus began arriving in the Netherlands in larger numbers beginning in the 1970s. According to the 2012 census of Suriname, Hindus constitute 22.3% of the population. Contested Equality. Immigrants were mainly from the United Provinces of India (Uttar Pradesh), West Bihar and the Ganges Plains of North India. Brit Lynnebakke. Slaves were finally freed in Suriname in 1863. The plantations which fueled the economy were worked by 70,000 slaves from Africa. Hinduism is the second-largest religion in Suriname. By the 1800's, the Europeans discovered they could grow beet sugar in Europe cheaper than importing cane sugar from the New World, and the economy slid even further downward. The Dutch government worried that, as in other places, the slaves would refuse to work once given the choice, which did indeed happen. (in Dutch)", "Suriname Seeks Stronger Relations with India", "Lalla Rookh- Marking the Indian Arrival in Suriname", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indo-Surinamese&oldid=1002426222, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 January 2021, at 11:33. During the British Raj, many Indians were sent to other British colonies for work. As the term Hindoestanen was mostly associated with followers of Hinduism, Hindostanen also includes the Muslim and Christian followers among the Indian immigrants in Suriname. Their ancestors were Indian indentured workers brought by the Dutch and the British to the Dutch colony Suriname during the 19th and 20th century. The Hindu community’s cultural impact can be seen in cities such as the capital, Paramaribo, home to the world famous Arya Dewaker temple (pictured below). Suriname’s Hindu connection The 2012 census reveals that Christianity is the predominant religion in Suriname, accounting for 48.4 per cent of the country’s total population while Hinduism is the second-most practiced religion, composing 22.3 per cent of the population respectively. Indo-Surinamese or Indian-Surinamese, are nationals of Suriname with ancestry from the Indian subcontinent. The first Catholic missions arrived in Suriname in 1683, however the growth of Christianity was initially slow, and did not spread rapidly until the country came under Dutch rule in 1816. In 1927, they became eligible for Dutch citizenship. Prosperity ended when a banking crisis in Holland in 1773 touched off a recession from which Suriname never recovered. The Dutch were also concerned that they would be accused of reviving the slave trade. Second, even in those times India was a large, densely populated country, and there was a large labor pool with little available farmland. The Dutch traded their colony of New Amsterdam to England, which became the more famous British colony of New York. All ships had a doctor on board, and to make sure the emigrants looked their best upon arrival, these doctors required that all passengers be massaged and rubbed with mustard oil. The majority religion among the Indo-Surinamese is Hinduism, practiced by 78% of the people, followed by Islam (13%), Christianity (7%), and Jainism. Sure enough, the plantation-based economy of Suriname, with its riches of sugar cane, coffee and chocolate, turned out to be the leading community of the America's by 1730, far surpassing the wealth of such better known places a Philadelphia, Boston and New York. Guyana is 83,000 square miles and today has a population of 750,000. [2] Per the 2012 Census of Suriname, 148,443 citizens of Suriname are of Indo-Surinamese origin, constituting 27.4% of the total population, making them the largest ethnic group in Suriname. young children or elderly parents), and for disputes over work. Another regulation prohibited any ship transporting Indian indentured labourers from setting sail between the end of March and the beginning of August. The Anglican Church is the oldest Christian denomination in the country, while Catholicism and Protestantism have a significant presence. After 1850, Suriname remained a quiet colonial backwater. We attend a Saraswati Avahan Hindu Religious Ceremony in Domburg near Paramaribo. There were a number of good reasons why laborers were imported from as far away as India. First, Suriname was by no means the first colony to free slaves. The Netherlands has also been a top destination for migrating Hindus, worldwide. Suriname - Suriname - People: South Asians, descendants of contract labourers from India, are the largest ethnic group in Suriname, making up more than one-fourth of the population. Examples are the lack of a rigid caste system and the almost universal reading of Gita and Ramayan. Although it was first a British colony and then a Dutch colony, and although thousands of Black Africans were imported as slave labor, today a third of the Surinamese population is Hindu. Suriname has been independent from Dutch rule for 40 years, and today, nearly a third of its population are Hindu. Many Hindus who originally arrived in the country did not come directly from places like India, however. Social Relations between Indian and Surinamese Hindus in Amsterdam. Suriname has the second largest percentage of Hindus in the Western Hemisphere, after Guyana (24.8%). One-third of its 386,000 citizens are Hindus, descendants of indentured servants who came in the 19th century. Although Hinduism does not constitute a large proportion of the population it appears to be growing rapidly; the current Hindu population of France is 121,312 or 0.2% of the nation's population… So, the plantation owners turned to India to recruit their workers. Indian indentured labourers were sent to colonial Dutch Guiana by special arrangement between the Dutch and British. According to the Central Database of Statistics in Netherlands, at Per the 2012 Census of Suriname, 148,443 citizens of Suriname are of Indo-Surinamese origin, constituting 27.4% of the total population, making them the largest ethnic group in Suriname. Almost no one speaks Hindi. Hinduism is the second-largest religious affiliation, comprising about 8.7% of the population, while Islam is the largest religion, comprising about 90% of the population. Download Full PDF Package. Secondly, the Hindu population in Trinidad became relatively smaller (from 25 to 23%), while in Suriname this group grew larger (from 16 to 22%). How did it happen that so many people from India came to settle in this exotic and remote land in South America of all places? Hindus formed the second-largest religious group in Suriname, comprising 22.3% of the population, the third largest proportion of any country in the Western Hemisphere after Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago, both of which also have large proportions of Indians. Due to animosity between the powers of Europe, ships passed around the Cape of Good Hope, rather than using the shorter route through the Suez Canal. Today, Suriname has a population of 386,372, 121,606 are Hindustani--descendants of those laborers imported from India after 1863--nearly all are Hindus. [1], Indo-Surinamese are also known locally by the Dutch term Hindoestanen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɦɪnduˈstaːnə(n)]), derived from the word Hindustani, lit., "someone from Hindustan". Suriname is by far one of the least densely populated countries in the world with just 3 people per square kilometer (7/sq mi), which ranks 231st in the world. Looking at the religion-based population, we find that the population of Hindus is disproportionately low: Within that prison population of 85,000, the Hindu prisoners in England totalled 421 (in Scotland there were just 5!). Hinduism is the second-largest religion in Suriname. Any shipping company that violated the regulations would be prohibited from transporting contact workers in the future. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. [4][5] Nowadays the term Hindoestanen and Hindostanen are interchangeably used in common Dutch language, and with that the meaning of Hindoestanen came to be more inclusive. The first shipload of new immigrants arrived just weeks before the deadline and were met with much fanfare at the harbor in Paramaribo, Suriname's capital city. The momentum in favor of the abolition of slavery had been on the rise in European colonies of the West Indies throughout the 19th century. Suriname, who’s 121,500 Hindus comprise 27% of the population, is the only country in the Western Hemisphere where all the Indians speak Hindi. Initially, plantation owners were required to pay the passage for any contract laborers they requested, plus pay return fare if the applicant did not work out. In all, about 34,000 Indian contract laborers arrived in Suriname between 1873 and 1916. the Surinamese population declined drastically from 76 to 49%, while in Trinidad the proportion of Christians in total increased slightly (from 70 to 72%). The population is concentrated along the coast and the inland area remains-barely-untouched rainforest. Social Relations between Indian and Surinamese Hindus in Amsterdam. It is estimated that there are about 15,000 NRIs, apart from 1,000 or 2,000 illegal immigrants. The Dutch government, which had signed the agreement to recruit workers with the British after long and difficult negotiations, also feared jeopardizing the arrangement and meticulously followed the regulations imposed by the British. As regulations required the doctor to be of European-origin, the regulations also required that one Indian indentured labourer be appointed as a translator and that he would be paid for his services at the end of the journey. Many Indians were eager to emigrate because the caste system in India put limitations on their activities. During the 17th and 18th centuries, there were never more than 6,000 people of European descent in the country at any one time. [1] Suriname has the second largest percentage of Hindus in the Western Hemisphere, after Guyana (24.8%).Suriname is also the only country in South America with an increasing Hindu population, both in percentage and absolute terms. ... Suriname ranked first for islam > percentage muslim amongst Latin America and Caribbean in 2004. The first ship transporting Indian indentured labourers, the Lalla Rookh,[8] arrived in Paramaribo. Copyright© 2021 Himalayan Academy. These immigrants were to serve the plantation owners for five years. Since 1947 the official name for the ethnic group in Suriname has been Hindostanen (“Hindostanis”). Today, Suriname has a population of 386,372, 121,606 are Hindustani--descendants of those laborers imported from India after 1863--nearly all are Hindus. The second major ethnic group, accounting for about one-fifth of the population, is the Maroons (descendants of escaped slaves of African origin). This group came from Suriname, which was a Dutch colony up until 1975. population of about 16 million. In return, they received Suriname. Indo-Surinamese or Indian-Surinamese, are nationals of Suriname with ancestry from the Indian subcontinent. In 1870s, conditions were improved greatly following the passage of new legislation to protect the Indian workers. Hinduism is the second-largest religion in Suriname.According to the 2012 census of Suriname, Hindus constitute 22.3% of the population. The Church is growing and sending missionaries to unreached areas. Suriname gives freedom of religion to all its citizens, and Christianity is the largest (50%), followed by Hinduism (23%) and Islam (17%). It became a Dutch colony in 1667. Indo-Surinamese Total population 148,443 … They embarked primarily from Calcutta, and are still sometimes referred to in Suriname today as "Kalkattias.". They set up stations in India where applicants could be interviewed, have a health screening, sign documentation that they were leaving of their own free will, and then wait to be transported. The majority were Hindu, but there were Muslims as well. Dr. Bennett, a dermatologist by profession, filed this historical report on Suriname and its little-known Hindu population. The Government of the United Kingdom and the colonial British Government in India feared comparisons to slavery would hurt their reputation, and enacted several legislations to make transportation of Indian workers safer and improve working conditions in plantations. The Dutch thought they got the better of the deal. Of all the outposts of the colonial Dutch empire, few are more obscure in the public's mind than Suriname. In addition, India was becoming industrialized, and many traditional jobs were being eliminated. Paramaribo is the capital and largest city with a population of 250,000, or close to half of the country's population. Unity within the Church continues to grow as well, with prayer networks and cross-denominational cooperation expanding. While slavery was officially abolished in 1863, the law called for the slaves to actually remain under supervision until 1873. Christianity is the dominant religion in Suriname. 295 Pages. Hinduism is the second-largest religion in Suriname.According to the 2012 census of Suriname, Hindus constitute 22.3% of the population. Suriname, once known as Dutch Guiana, is one of South America's smallest countries. Almost 80% of the Suriname community includes Hindus while Muslims make up 17.5% of the population. [1] Suriname has the second largest percentage of Hindus in the Western Hemisphere, after Guyana (24.8%).Suriname is also the only country in South America with an increasing Hindu population, both in percentage and absolute terms. Colonies such as Trinidad and Jamaica had already begun replacing black slaves with imported "British Indians," as they were then called (India was a British colony) to take the place of black slaves. The story of Hinduism in Suriname is broadly parallel to that in Guyana. There were a number of good reasons why laborers were imported from as far away as India. [9], In order to reduce the mortality rate among workers being transported from India, the colonial British government required the presence of at least one doctor on every ship. Suriname was originally settled by the British. Guyana and Suriname are located between Venezuela and Brazil on the northeastern corner of South America; Trinidad is nearby in the Caribbean Ocean. By using our website, you agree to our use of cookies as described in Cookie Policy.
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