[78] The XM81 Gun/Launcher also experienced frequent faulty breaches, often not closing correctly during a missile firing, allowing the exhaust of the launching Shillelagh to vent hot noxious gasses into the crew compartment. It was unveiled 17 October 2017 at the Bahrain International Defense Exhibition and Conference (BIDEC). It was officially standardized as the Tank, Combat, Full Tracked: 105-mm Gun, M60 in March 1959. [67] The M19 FCS consisted of the M17A1 coincidence rangefinder, M10A1 ballistic drive and the mechanical M19E1 ballistic computer for the gunner. [68] Early TLAC panels were made from aluminum and were vulnerable to damage from small arms fire. The M60 tank series became America's primary main battle tank during the Cold War. [93] It was designated as the Tank, Combat, Full Tracked: 105-mm Gun, M60A3. [42] Initial production of the cupola was problematic. Camp Colt to Desert Storm: The History of U.S. Armored Forces. Such rapid production caused problems but the importance given to rapidly equipping combat units with new tanks precluded detailed testing and evaluation prior to quantity production.[18]. Also there were rumors of an even larger 115 mm gun in the works. These were essentially M60s with minor modifications requested by approved foreign purchasers. The United States chose not to pursue further upgrades to the M60 tank series after 1978. It also featured a 152 mm main gun similar to that of the M551 Sheridan light tank, which fired conventional rounds as well as the Shillelagh anti-tank guided missile (ATGM). The missile was reclassified as an applied research project and it was obvious that there would be some delay before it would be available for service. [55] It may be used in any one of three modes of control: (1) power-with-stabilization-on, (2) power-with-stabilization-off, and (3) manual. All orders are custom made and most ship worldwide within 24 hours. Giant open-end wrench handled by Sgt. Apr 19, 2017 - Explore John Cavanagh's board "M48" on Pinterest. Due to the end of the Cold War, surplus US Army M1 tanks were absorbed into the remaining USMC units allowing the Marine Corps to transition to an all M1 tank force at reduced cost. Introduced in 1975 the Reliability Improved Selected Equipment (RISE) was a comprehensive upgrade of the M60A1 hull as well as integrating the previous TLAC and AOS upgrades. In 1963, the M60 was upgraded to the M60A1. These changes increased the vehicle weight to 62-63 tons.[114]. Correctly predicting that Congress would not approve the procurement of the M48A2 after the fiscal year 1959, the Deputy Chief of Staff, Logistics (DCSLOG) proposed a tank based on the M48A2 featuring improved firepower and the AVDS-1790 engine. M60s and M60A1s saw action with Israel during the 1973 Yom Kippur War in both the Sinai and the Golan Heights. Late production versions replaced the bore evacuator with the Closed-Bore Scavenger System (CBSS), a compressed air system that pushed the fumes and gasses out of the muzzle when the breach was opened. [28] The M60A1 and A3 variants of the M60 tank series[29] and earliest pre-production XM1 prototypes of the M1 Abrams tanks[30] are armed with the M68E1 variant of the gun. Jane's Armour and Artillery: 2005–2006 (26th ed.). The M60 served in several major conflicts such as the Iraq-Iran War, Operation Desert Storm in 1991 and, of course, Vietnam where engineering versions were used to lay bridges and a variant known as the M728, designated as a Combat Engineer Vehicle it was equipped with a 165mm gun used to destroy fortified emplacements. The M60A1E3 variant was a prototype mounting the M68 105 mm rifled gun to the turret of the M60A1E2. The 152mm gun-launcher XM81 also was considered without the missile depending only on the combustible case conventional ammunition. [138][5] They are also salvaged for parts to maintain other vehicles still in service. The M60A1 RISE Passive of the U.S. Marines saw action during Operation Desert Storm in 1991, opposing Iraqi armor which included the T-54/T-59, T-55, T-62, Type 69, and T-72. Four M226 smoke grenade launchers were mounted on each side of the turret bustle. The M60A1 was the first version to employ the newly designed T95E7 turret with a redesigned bustle increasing the number of rounds for the main gun to 63. These modifications were needed due to the increased weight of the M60A1 turret as well as the additional hull armor. All this led to the closure of the T95 project on July 7, 1960. The possible delay was not as serious for the MBT-70 since the program was limited to conceptual design and component development. Decker, Oscar C. "The Patton Tanks: The Cold War Learning Series." In 1982 the Israelis once again used the M60 during the 1982 Lebanon War, equipped with upgrades such as explosive reactive armor to defend against guided missiles that proved very effective at destroying tanks. a daytime TV camera, and an eye-safe Laser range finder. The AVLB provided gap crossing capabilities when required to support armored forces. The M60 Main Battle Tank is a static display located in the small Town of Leesport, Pa. Used during the Korean & Vietnam War's this tank had a 105mm Main Gun. This led to a redesign of the front of the hull into the shape of a flat wedge, instead of the M48's elliptical front, as it simplified the installation of this armor. Your Support takes Military-wiki to … The diesel had lower performance, but also had lower cost, maintenance and better fuel efficiency. The Illustrated Directory of Tanks of the World. The average age of these tanks was 16 years and an expected peacetime service life of 20 years. The turret, even without the siliceous cored armor, provided improved ballistic protection. During the Yom Kippur War, the M60 tank proved effective versus T-54/55 and T-62 tanks. These were exemplified by the M47 and M48 Pattons armed with a 90mm main gun already in widespread US service. The M60 is an American second generation main battle tank (MBT). The smoke grenades contain a phosphor compound that masks the thermal signature of the vehicle to the enemy. Production pilot 2 was finished on 4 August and used to develop technical publications and an additional 47 tanks produced to complete the first low rate production buy. The M60 was the first modern American military machine gun, developed from the operating system of the German FG-42 and the feed system of the German MG-42 in the years after World War Two. The M60A1 hull has basically the same visual characteristics, the noticeable difference was the addition of a second shock absorber at the second roadwheel pair and was also accompanied by a slight relocation of the first return roller. The M48 Patton medium tank was the most common United States tank to be used during the Vietnam War. Under starlight conditions, they will provide recognition beyond 500 meters with the use of an IR searchlight. In May 1961 Army Chief-of-Staff General George Decker announced that the European Command had been receiving the M60 to replace older tank inventory. For the rear of the turret, slat armor is provided with an emphasis on protecting against the RPGs. [109] On 15 April 2004 Raytheon Company was awarded a $64.8 million contract by the Jordan armed forces to upgrade 3 tank battalions. An American version of the British 105 mm gun the Royal Ordnance L7, under the US designation 105 mm T254E1, was mounted on the T95E2 and tested with British APDS ammunition. [124] The 1st Battalion, 8th Marine Regiment deployed with M60A1s to Beirut and were present during the subsequent October 23 Beirut barracks bombing near the Beirut International Airport during the ongoing Lebanese Civil War. Both were unsuccessful. The average price was US$212,898 per tank as is, without radios or machine guns and they were not mechanically overhauled. [71] Many of them were later converted to the A3 standard. [142], American second generation main battle tank, "M60 Patton" redirects here. They were fitted with the Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System (MILES), given the mission to provide tactical engagement simulation for direct fire force-on-force training and were maintained at the Combat Maneuver Training Center (CMTC) near Hohenfels, Germany. Following the war, the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) received many more M48s, M60s and M60A1s from the U.S. Israel further upgraded their inventory of M60s prior to their use in the invasion of Lebanon in the 1982 Lebanon War. [55] During 1978 kits for the mounting of the M239 smoke grenade launchers and the mounting of the M240 as the coaxial machine gun was fielded. Production pilot 3 was completed 2 September and went to the Detroit Arsenal Test Center for maintenance evaluations, it was then sent to Fort Knox for user trials. In 1978, work began on the M60A3 variant. [29] Additionally, many M48A3s armed with a 90mm gun that were in NG-CONUS service with the Army National Guard were retrofitted with the M68 gun during the mid 1970s[31] and redesignated as the M48A5. The fourth pilot was completed on 26 October and was used as the master hull to verify production standards at the Detroit Tank Plant with a low-rate initial production total of 180 M60s built in 1959. The M10A2E3 ballistic drive is an electro-mechanical unit. [132] Once the 1st Marine Division reached Kuwait International Airport they found what remained of the Iraqi 12th Armored Brigade, 3rd Armored Division defending it. M47s and M48s were again used in tank warfare by the Pakistan Army against Indian Army's Centurion and M4 Sherman tanks in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 with some good results. The resulting M60 series largely resembles the M48 it was based on, but has significant differences. M60 Tank Parts is the leading supply chain partner for M60 tank fleets. Along with an M32 IR periscope for the gunner, M19 IR periscope and M18 IR binoculars for the commander provided first generation night vision capability to the M60 and M60A1 tanks. Following customer feedback, detailed engineering work was carried out and in December GDLS decided to build a functional prototype. Finally a Shillelagh missile was considerably more expensive than the M409 round. The United States entered a period of frenzied activity during the crisis atmosphere of the Korean War, when America seemed to lag behind the Soviet Union in terms of tank quality and quantity. M60 AVLM M60 Panther M728 CEV. The gunner and loader were located to the right and left of the gun, respectively, and the commander was in a turret basket up and behind the main gun. [125], M60A1s have been historically used for ground force adversarial work during Exercise Red Flag [126] as well as in close air support trials with the F-16 at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada in the 1980s. [47] The main battle tank thus took on the role the British had once called the "universal tank", exemplified by the British Centurion, filling almost all battlefield roles. A direct infrared beam missile tracker in the gunner's sight detected any deviation of the flight path from the line-of-sight to the target, and transmitted corrective commands to the missile via an infrared command link. [117], Mobility is improved via either a full refurbishment of the existing power packs or an upgrade. The first 300 M60s produced were armed with a .50cal M2HB machine gun in a pedestal mount welded to the left side of the commander's cupola owing to production problems with the new M85 machine gun. USA: University Press of Kentucky, 1999. The M60 also saw use in 1983 with Operation Urgent Fury, supporting US Marines in an amphibious assault into Grenada. This updated turret configuration was mated to the M60A1 RISE hull using the AVDS-1790-2D RISE engine and CD-850-6A transmission along with a Halon fire suppression system. Some M48A5s were retrofitted with the M19 cupola to maintain training levels of National Guard units. By May 1957 it became clear that the T95 Medium Tank would not have a significant advantage over the M48A2. The MGM-51A was stabilized by flip-out fins, and controlled by hot gas jet reaction controls. [72] Three M60E1 tanks with T95 turrets were modified to permit the installation of the 152mm XM81 gun-launcher. [137] They were replaced in this role by the Tonka tank (unofficial name)[b] – an M113 OSV-T with a mock turret. [40] This hull version was used only on the original M60 variant and early M728s and M60AVLBs. Myatt said,[128] "During the first day of combat operations 1st Platoon, D Company, 3rd Tank Battalion destroyed 15 Iraqi tanks". However, the M60A1 tank suffered heavy damage from the Egyptian army’s AT-3 Sagger anti-tank missiles. Many of these miscellaneous changes are to improve the system safety, reliability, maintainability and increase mission performance. In the early 1960s it was generally accepted that the maximum effective range of the M68 gun was between 1800 and 2000 meters. The design similarities can be noted in the original variant of the M60 and the M48A2. of the Army, 8 July 1975. The M60A1(RISE) Passive featured the implementation of all previous updates plus Kevlar spall liners for the turret, AN/VVS-2 passive night vision block for the driver, a deep water fording kit, the capability to mount Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA)[70][62] and the AVDS-1790-2D RISE engine with CD-850-6A transmission and a Vehicle Engine Exhaust Smoke System (VEESS) that visually obscured the area around the vehicle. It was widely used by the US and its Cold War allies, especially those in NATO, and remains in service throughout the world today, despite having been superseded by the M1 Abrams in the US military. The few M60A3s in Army service as training vehicles had their commander's cupola removed as it was deemed unnecessary for training and to better mimic the profile of Soviet tanks. However, many Israeli M60s were destroyed by Egyptian troops armed with AT-3 Sagger anti-tank missiles. [16] The first combat usage of the M60 was with Israel during the 1973 Yom Kippur War where it saw service under the "Magach 6" designation, performing well in combat against comparable tanks such as the T-62. In 1957, plans were laid in the US for a tank with a 105 mm main gun and a redesigned hull offering better armor protection. The M60 was also deployed to Korea to support US Forces Korea and participated in bi-annual Exercise Team Spirit maneuvers with South Korea notably with the US 2nd Infantry Division until 1991. Decker, Oscar C. "The Patton Tanks: The Cold War Learning Series." The Armored Vehicle Launch Bridge, commonly referred to as the \"Bridge tank\" was mounted on an M60 tank hull, and the M728 Combat Engineer Vehicle was an M60 tank mounting a short-tubed 165 mm main gun that fired a shaped charge. [77] To remedy this the guns were equipped with a traditional fume extractor on the barrel. M60A1s with this upgrade were designated as the M60A1(AOS). The M60 was the last U.S. main battle tank to utilize homogeneous steel armor for protection. A contract was awarded to Chrysler Engineering in September 1958 for the advanced production engineering (APE) of the XM60 concept #2. The improved design incorporated a Continental V-12 750 hp air-cooled, twin-turbocharged diesel engine, extending operational range to over 300 miles (480 km) while reducing both refueling and servicing. [7] The driver looked through three M27 day periscopes, one of which could be replaced by a night vision periscope. The fourth used the T95E1 turret and the T208 main gun. They were knocked out by TOWs at long range. Tags: m60 patton tank, m60 patton, m60 patton, m60 patton, m60 patton patch, m60 patton patches, m60 patton military art, m60 patton, m60 patton, us army, classic american, m60 tank, second generation main battle tank, patton tank family, magach 6, cold war, operation urgent fury, american tank crews, for tank enthusiasts, for tank simulator gamers, for m60 patton veterans, for m60 patton … [48] The first American nomenclature-designated second generation MBT was the M60A1 version of the M60 series. The M60-based M60 AVLB (Armored Vehicle Launch Bridge) and the M728 Combat Engineer Vehicle were the only variants of the M60 deployed to South Vietnam. But the T95E7 turret design using conventional hardened steel armor was carried forward, becoming the M60A1's turret. They were replaced in National Guard service by the M1 version of the Abrams MBT. [129] The Marines also encountered T-62 tanks in dispersed and understrength platoon and company units. Meet the Patton: Why the M60 Tank Is Still A Killer After Decades on the Battlefield [88] The gunner also employed an M219 (later replaced with a M240C) to the gun mantle's right with 2,000 rounds. [55], In late 1962 a kit was fielded that allowed the use of the AN/VSS-1(V)1 IR searchlight. Inspired designs on t-shirts, posters, stickers, home decor, and more by independent artists and designers from around the world. [80] The M60A1E4 was a conceptual variant that explored the use of various remote controlled weapons, including a 20mm gun as secondary armament. The M60 Patton became the first American tank to take on the designation of "main battle tank". The High Performance M60, also called Super M60, was a comprehensive update package for the M60A1 and A3 tanks, first offered in 1985 by Teledyne Continental. Inspired designs on t-shirts, posters, stickers, home decor, and more by independent artists and designers from around the world. The armor was improved, at 6 inches (155 mm) on the front glacis and mantle of solid rolled homogeneous armor, while it was 4.3 inches (110 mm) on the M48. This weapon system had several drawbacks. [59] The first two prototypes (Pilot 1 and 2) were ready in May 1961 and the third (Pilot 3) in June 1961, when the vehicle also received its official prototype designation as the M60E1. The X-shaped motor and electro-optical rangefinder were both discarded due to performance, and the accuracy of the smoothbore gun and its HVAP-DS ammunition continued to be unsatisfactory. But the development of a main-battle tank variant was bogged down by having too many design proposals. Nine rounds were stowed in the left side of the turret bustle behind the loader. This feature was also installed on some USMC M1A1s in Iraq and is now being incorporated into all active Abrams. [25] Production pilot 1 was completed at Chrysler Defense Engineering on 2 July and sent to the Aberdeen Proving Ground with an initial production total of 45 tanks in July 1959. The M60A2, nicknamed the "Starship" due to its Space Age technology, featured an entirely new low-profile turret with a commander's machine-gun cupola on top, giving the commander a good view and field of fire while under armor but spoiling the low profile.
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