horse - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), horse - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). It comprises a single species, Equus caballus, whose numerous varieties are called breeds. Most birds are diurnal in habit. How many varieties of turkeys exist? See more Animal More than 1,000 extinct species have been identified from fossil remains. Proportion of North American birds that migrate to the tropics. The Paleozoic is bracketed by two of the most important events in the history of animal life. Bird-watching was advanced by the publication of excellent field guides and improvements in photography and sound recording. Horse bones and cartilage are used to make glue. Introduction. Influenced by climate, food, and humans, the horse rapidly acquired its present form. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Skeleton (top) and external structure (bottom) of the horse. Some recently extinct birds were even larger: the largest moas of New Zealand and the elephant birds of Madagascar may have reached over 3 metres (10 feet) in height. Breed: Mammals. The Bible refers to Noahâs use of the raven and dove to bring him information about the proverbial Flood. Greek mythology created the Centaur, the most obvious symbol of the oneness of horse and rider. It has plowed fields and brought in the harvest, hauled goods and conveyed passengers, followed game and tracked cattle, and carried combatants into battle and adventurers to unknown lands. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Make your own Animal Track Twister board: Use the patterns provided to make your own animal track Twister mat and play a fun game of “Tangled Tracks.” Follow the tracks and you may end up in a tangled knot! A mature male horse is called a stallion, the female a mare. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Ruminant livestock include cattle, sheep, and goats. Omissions? Geldings were used for work and as ladiesâ riding horses. From horsehide a number of articles are manufactured, including fine shoes and belts. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. My guess is somewhere in the neighborhood of 1,000 gallons. At the other end of the Paleozoic, the largest mass extinction in history wiped out approximately 90% of all marine animal species. Weight: Calves usually weigh 14-16 kg at birth. Whale shark: The largest fish is the whale shark, which can grow to be about 65 feet and weigh up to about 75,000 pounds. Its place was at its masterâs side in the graves of the Scythian kings or in the tombs of the pharaohs. That’s because iridescent shark catfish can grow to an adult length of four feet and weigh over 90 pounds! Recently, however, geldings generally have replaced stallions as riding horses. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Supernatural beliefs about birds probably took hold as early as recognition of the fact that some birds were good to eat. Ruminants are hoofed mammals that have a unique digestive system that allows them to better use energy from fibrous plant material than other herbivores. Before the advent of mechanized vehicles, the horse was widely used as a draft animal, and riding on horseback was one of the chief means of transportation. An animal product is any material derived from the body of an animal.Examples are fat, flesh, blood, milk, eggs, and lesser known products, such as isinglass and rennet.. Mareâs milk was drunk by the Scythians, the Mongols, and the Arabs. The ability to fly has permitted an almost unlimited diversification of birds, so that they are now found virtually everywhere on Earth, from occasional stragglers over the polar ice caps to complex communities in tropical forests. The ravenâa common symbol of dark prophecyâwas the most important creature to the Indians of the Pacific Northwest and was immortalized in Edgar Allan Poeâs poem âThe Raven.â Eagles have long been symbols of power and prestige in many parts of the world, including Europe, where their representations are often seen in heraldry. Unlike monogastrics such as swine and poultry, ruminants have a digestive system designed to ferment feedstuffs and provide precursors for energy for the animal to use. A castrated stallion is commonly called a gelding. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Various bird attributes, real or imagined, have led to their symbolic use in language as in art. The horse in life has served people in travels, wars, and labours and in death has provided many commodities. Corrections? In modern times the recreational pleasures of bird-watching have grown in tandem with the rise of environmentalism. In prehistoric times the wild horse was probably first hunted for food. Updates? It is supposed that the horse was first used by a tribe of Indo-European origin that lived in the steppes north of the chain of mountains adjacent to the Black and Caspian seas. Horse manure, which today provides the basis for cultivation of mushrooms, was used by the Scythians for fuel. Even if you only read the short introductions on each of the pages, you will be more knowledgeable about the animal cruelty going on, and therefore better equipped to help stop it. The minimum size is probably governed by another aspect of the surface-volume ratio: the relative increase, with decreasing size, in surface through which heat can be lost. Research suggests that domestication had taken place by approximately 5,500 years ago. The change from shooting to sighting coincided with campaigns, beginning about 1900, to halt the slaughter of wild birds for food and millinery. Fin whale: The second largest animal in the ocean is the fin whale, another baleen whale. Corrections? A cave painting in Lascaux, near Montignac, France, depicts a bull and a horse. Take advantage of our Presidents' Day bonus! How well do you know astronomy? Our editors will review what youâve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Though similar to the condors of today, it had a larger estimated wingspan of about 5 metres (16.5 feet) and was by far the largest known flying bird. Asia accounts for more than 25 percent of the worldâs species, with 2,700 species, and Africa slightly less, with about 2,300. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The cordovan leather fabricated by the Moors in Córdoba, Spain, was originally made from horsehide. Our editors will review what youâve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Birds arose as warm-blooded, arboreal, flying creatures with forelimbs adapted for flight and hind limbs for perching. The horse is the âproudest conquest of Man,â according to the French zoologist Georges-Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon. Fish are aquatic creatures found all over the world. These are herbivores and prefer to live in low hills with shrubs. The influence of the horse is expressed in the English language in such terms as chivalry and cavalier, which connote honour, respect, good manners, and straightforwardness. The figure for Europe west of the Ural Mountains and including most of Turkey is 514. A stallion used for breeding is known as a stud. At least 4,400 species live in North and South America. In the United States, Texas and California have the mostâapproximately 620 for each (the figure varies based on criteria used for inclusion on state lists, such as unconfirmed, accidental, hypothetical, extirpated, and extinct species). It has provided recreation in the form of jousts, tournaments, carousels, and the sport of riding. There are about 32,000 species of fish, making them the most diverse group of … During the Pleistocene Epoch (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago) lived a bird called Teratornis incredibilis. The resplendent quetzalâthe national bird of Guatemala, which shares its name with the currency and is a popular motif in art, fabric, and jewelryâwas worshipped and deified by the ancient Mayans and Aztecs. They live on land, and are found in Europe and some parts of Africa. Jade horse head, Chinese, Han dynasty (206. Formerly, stallions were employed as riding horses, while mares were kept for breeding purposes only. In the largest flying birds, part of the bone is replaced by air cavities (pneumatic skeletons) because the maximum size attainable by flying birds is limited by the fact that wing area varies as the square of linear proportions, and weight or volume as the cube. By mid-century the watcherâs enjoyable but rather unsophisticated tallying of âyear listsâ and âlife listsâ of species personally observed was being augmented, if not replaced, by interest in careful studies of bird behaviour, migration, ecology, and the like. Scientific name:Boselaphustragocamelus. More than 700 species live in Russia. Sort out the fact and gain a new perspective on these feathered creatures. Long before their domestication, horses were hunted for their flesh, and horsemeat is still consumed by people in parts of Europe and in Iceland and is included in many pet foods. The horse has occupied a special place in the realm of art. Since earliest times birds have been not only a material but also a cultural resource. Before the age of mechanized vehicles, the horse was used as a draft animal and as one of the chief means of transportation. How about quantum mechanics? This trend was abetted by bird banding (called ringing in the United Kingdom) and by such organizations as the British Trust for Ornithology and the National Audubon Society, which coordinate professional and amateur observations and efforts with scientific studies. Emeritus Professor of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Curator of Birds, Museum of Zoology, 1956â85. Young horses are known as foals; male foals are called colts and females fillies. This quiz will take you through 36 of the hardest questions from Britannicaâs most popular quizzes about the sciences. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In general the number of species found breeding in a given area is directly proportional to the size of the area and the diversity of habitats available. Horse, (Equus caballus), a hoofed herbivorous mammal of the family Equidae. The relationship of the horse to humans has been unique. The ostrich is the largest living bird and may stand 2.75 metres (9 feet) tall and weigh 150 kg (330 pounds). It comprises a single species, Equus caballus, whose numerous varieties are called breeds. How big of an aquarium do you think you’d need to house a school of half-a-dozen fish, each four feet long and 90 pounds? Males are larger than females. Take advantage of our Presidents' Day bonus! Many early human cultures were centred on possession of the horse. Some recently extinct birds were even larger: the largest moas of New Zealand and the elephant birds of Madagascar may have reached over 3 metres (10 feet) in height. With its large purplish bell, long, lacy arms and stinging tentacles that can reach 25 feet (7.6 m) or more, the black sea nettle is considered a giant jelly. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. A more-elaborate definition would note that they are warm-blooded vertebrates more related to reptiles than to mammals and that they have a four-chambered heart (as do mammals), forelimbs modified into wings (a trait shared with bats), a hard-shelled egg, and keen vision, the major sense they rely on for information about the environment. Aesopâs fables abound in bird characters. These slippery mammals come in at an average length of 70 feet. When birds lose the power of flight, the limit on their maximum size is increased, as can be seen in the ostrich and other ratites such as the emu, cassowary, and rhea. Horse, a hoofed herbivorous mammal of the family Equidae. Horsehair has wide use in upholstery, mattresses, and stiff lining for coats and suits; high-quality horsehair, usually white, is employed for violin bows. Basic body feather tracts on a generalized songbird. The bird in general has long been a common Christian symbol of the transcendent soul, and in medieval iconography a bird entangled in foliage symbolized the soul embroiled in the materialism of the secular world. The horse is a partner and friend. Bird figures were created by prehistoric humans in the Lascaux Grotto of France and have featured prominently in the mythology and literature of societies throughout the world. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Only the best quizmasters will finish it. On this page are links to pages about many different types of animal cruelty (see table of contents, below). The shaded areas show the right half of each tract. Feather types and their distribution on a typical perching bird. The total number of species is also related to such factors as the position of the area with respect to migration routes and to wintering grounds of species that nest outside the area. Australian Aborigines, for example, drove the black-and-white flycatcher from camp, lest it overhear conversation and carry the tales to enemies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Updates? Superstition read meaning into the colours of the horse, and a horseâs head suspended near a grave or sanctuary or on the gables of a house conferred supernatural powers on the place. Although several South American countries boast well over 1,000 species, Costa Rica, with an area of only about 51,000 square km (about 20,000 square miles) and a known avifauna of more than 800 species, probably has the most diversity for its size. Tetanus antitoxin is obtained from the blood serum of horses previously inoculated with tetanus toxoid. Animal by-products, as defined by the USDA, are products harvested or manufactured from livestock other than muscle meat. A team of Clydesdales pulling a plow at a draft horse demonstration. Kings, generals, and statesmen, of necessity, had to be horsemen. Peoples of the Pacific Islands saw frigate birds as symbols of the Sun and as carriers of omens and frequently portrayed them in their art. At its beginning, multicelled animals underwent a dramatic "explosion" in diversity, and almost all living animal phyla appeared within a few millions of years. Among flying birds, the wandering albatross has the greatest wingspan, up to 3.5 metres (11.5 feet), and the trumpeter swan perhaps the greatest weight, 17 kg (37 pounds). Pigeon skeleton, with the near wing raised and the far wing omitted. More than 920 species have been recorded from North America north of Mexico. Are chickens related to pheasants? Highly symbolic birds include the phoenix, representing resurrection, and the owl, a common symbol of wisdom but also a reminder of death in Native American mythology. Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs and paintings, for example, include bird figures. Mosaic of Alexander the Great discovered in the House of the Faun, Pompeii, Italy. Native Americans sprinkled eagle down before guests as a sign of peace and friendship, and eagle feathers were commonly used in rituals and headdresses. Clinical Professor, Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. The Physiologus and its descendants, the bestiaries of the Middle Ages, contain moralistic writings that use birds as symbols for conveying ideas but indicate little knowledge of the birds themselves. The family Alytidae consists of two genera – Alytes and Discoglossus.This family of primitive frogs was earlier known as Discoglossidae, which has another name – Colodactylidae.The members of the genus Alytes are called midwife toads, as the male members carry eggs on their backs. The small size of some hummingbirds may be facilitated by a decrease in heat loss resulting from their becoming torpid at night. https://www.britannica.com/animal/bird-animal, Official Site of the National Audubon Society, bird - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), bird - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), basic body feather tracts on a generalized songbird. Tricky Tracks lesson plan: Designed for K-4 students, this lesson teaches kids to identify tracks of several types of mammals. 36 Questions from Britannicaâs Most Popular Science Quizzes. Long before ornithology was practiced as a science, interest in birds and the knowledge of them found expression in conversation and stories, which then crystallized into the records of general culture. White stallions were the supreme sacrifice to the gods, and the Greek general Xenophon recorded that âgods and heroes are depicted on well-trained horses.â A beautiful and well-trained horse was, therefore, a status symbol in ancient Greece. Their sense of smell is not highly developed, and auditory range is limited. Evolving from the American and European âshoot-and-stuffâ mania of the 19th century, bird-watching became a sportlike activity based on rapid identificationâthe rarest being the most rewardingâwith the aid of binoculars and spotting scopes. The ostrich is the largest living bird and may stand 2.75 metres (9 feet) tall and weigh 150 kg (330 pounds). From Stone Age drawings to the marvel of the Parthenon frieze, from Chinese Tang dynasty tomb sculptures to Leonardo da Vinciâs sketches and Andrea del Verrocchioâs Colleoni, from the QurʾÄn to modern literature, the horse has inspired artists of all ages and in all parts of the world. Omissions? Fur coats are made of the sleek coats of foals. Bird, (class Aves), any of the more than 10,400 living species unique in having feathers, the major characteristic that distinguishes them from all other animals. A Complete List of the Different Types of Fish. The names of famous horses are inseparably linked to those of their famous riders: Bucephalus, the charger of Alexander the Great; Incitatus, once believed to have been made a senator by the Roman emperor Caligula (see Researcherâs Note); El Morzillo, Hernán Cortésâs favourite horse, to whom the Indians erected a statue; Roan Barbery, the stallion of Richard II, mentioned by Shakespeare; Copenhagen, the duke of Wellingtonâs horse, which was buried with military honours. These types of animals give birth one at a time and sometimes twins. Males have horns whereas females don’t. This basic plan has become so modified during the course of evolution that in some forms it is difficult to recognize. The smallest living bird is generally acknowledged to be the bee hummingbird of Cuba, which is 6.3 cm (2.5 inches) long and weighs less than 3 grams (about 0.1 ounce). Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Height: Around 6 Feet. These also live on a diet of krill and plankton!
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